Table 4 Synthesis of contents of the included literature reviews

Alberti 2023 [17]

To evaluate the effects of patient involvement on students, patients and academic staff.

Main objective

Addressed

Arblaster 2015 [22]

To evaluate evidence existing to guide mental health consumer participation at each stage of the education process.

To evaluate evidence existing to support the effectiveness of consumer participation in mental health education in producing graduates with recovery-oriented practice capabilities.

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Bennett-Weston 2023 [31]

To synthesize how theory shapes the understanding of patient involvement in health and social care education.

Main objective

Main objective

Boshra 2022 [29]

To evaluate patient-involved interventions that promote empathy among medical students.

Main objective

Addressed

Main objective

Burnier 2022 [26]

To extract from the literature the definitions given for the following terms: patient educator, patient instructor, patient mentor, partner patient, patient teacher, volunteer patient, in order to clearly identify their roles and level of engagement.

Main objective

Main objective

Dijk 2020 [14]

To identify the scope of active patient involvement in medical education, addressing the current knowledge gaps relating to rationale and motivation for involvement, recruitment and preparation, roles, learning outcomes and key procedural contributors.

Addressed

Addressed

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Gordon 2020 [13]

To describe what service user involvement is taking place in medical education.

To evaluate what extent this involvement impacts the student’s education.

To clarify how and why such learning may be impacted by service user involvement.

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Goulet 2015 [38]

To identify the main scientific literature

on patient involvement in the education of health professionals.

Main objective

Happell 2014 [15]

To establish the extent to which consumers participate in the education of mental health professionals and the outcomes of this involvement.

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Jha 2009 [16]

To provide updated integrated evidence on the role of the involvement of patients in medical education.

Addressed

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Kang 2020 [19]

To identify the latest trends in mental health nursing education using consumer involvement and provide evidence to develop educational programs that can be utilized in the future.

Addressed

Main objective

Lawes-Wickwar 2023 [30]

To present the variety of digital technologies that have been used in medical teaching when patients and/or carers are also involved, and what has been the experience of patients, students and educators alike.

Addressed

Main objective

Main objective

Miller 2020 [37]

To inform a critical discussion evaluating the role of patients and carers in psychiatric education.

Addressed

Main objective

Main objective

Morgan 2009 [23]

To identify models, approaches and strategies used to involve service users in the design, delivery, assessment and evaluation of healthcare education curricula; the perceptions of key stakeholders about user and carer involvement in healthcare education; the impact of involvement in education on students’ knowledge and skills; the impact of involvement in education on the quality of care received by the service user.

Main objective

Main objective

Addressed

Namer 2022 [34]

To collate the experiences of involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS in teaching.

Main objective

Main objective

Nguyen 2021 [28]

To explore how patients are actively involved in pharmacy education within educational settings, the roles that patients play and the content that they deliver, as well as the impact of their involvement, in terms of students’ learning outcomes and patient outcomes.

Main objective

Main objective

Addressed

Ní Chianáin 2021 [36]

To caracterize how are the patient’s illness experiences gathered to inform simulated participants (SP) roles; how SPs represent these illness experiences in simulation; what impact, if any, real experiences of illness have on learners.

Main objective

Main objective

Perry 2013 [27]

To answer the following questions:

1. What can the current evidence base reveal about the

effects of mental health service user involvement in the teaching of interpersonal skills to mental health students?

2. What are the effects of this type of involvement in comparison with more traditional methods of teaching?

3. What were participants’ experiences of this type of

involvement?

4. Does mental health service user involvement in the

teaching of interpersonal skills to mental health students have any negative effects?

Addressed

Main objective

Porter 2019 [39]

To synthesize learning outcomes that result from involvement of patients in nutrition and dietetic student education, and to consider whether these interactions promote patient-centered care.

Main objective

Repper 2007 [18]

To describe approaches taken to involve consumers in the education of health professionals and the advantages, disadvantages, impact and ethical implications of different approaches.

Addressed

Main objective

Addressed

Main objective

Rowland 2019 [24]

To make sense of a conflicting literature that spanned many fields, and also look at how these fields have influenced one another.

Scammell 2016 [20]

To determine to what extent service users are involved in pre-registration general nurse education.

Main objective

Main objective

Soon 2020 [35]

To identify how consumers are involved, recruited and retained in nursing, midwifery and allied health curricula

Main objective

Main objective

Stanyon 2024 [21]

To identify the impact of involvement in mental health professional education on the patients with mental health conditions involved

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Stretton 2023 [32]

To identify and map the available evidence regarding patient-led teaching in medical and allied health education

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Terry 2012 [33]

To explore the nature of service user involvement in the classroom in pre-registration mental health nurse education.

To gain insight into the prerequisites and processes needed to prepare for service user involvement in the classroom.

To consider the reported outcomes of service user involvement for student learning.

To examine the evidence of student engagement with this type of teaching and learning style.

To better understand the ethical challenges presented by involving service users in the classroom.

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective

Wykurz 2002 [25]

To identify the roles and settings in which patients participate as teachers and to discover the benefits for learners, the patients who par- ticipate, and the educational institutions involved.

Main objective

Main objective

Main objective